Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus

Bray, Lucy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8414-3233 , Carter, Bernie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-9878 , Kiernan, Joann ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-8716 , Horowicz, Ed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-4933 , Dixon, Katie, Ridley, James ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-9597 , Robinson, Carol ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-9735 , Simmons, Anna, Craske, Jennie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-1569 , Sinha, Stephanie, Morton, Liza ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5560-7561 , Nafria, Begonya ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-3663 , Forsner, Maria ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-2172 , Rullander, Anna-Clara ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-5481 , Nilsson, Stefan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8847-9559 , Darcy, Laura, Karlsson, Katarina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-6677 , Hubbuck, Cath, Brenner, Maria ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-5288 , Spencer-Little, Sian, Evans, Kath, Rowland, Andrew ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-0032 , Hilliard, Carol ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-0731 , Preston, Jennifer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-234X , Leroy, Piet L., Roland, Damian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-5144 , Booth, Lisa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-6501 , Davies, Jean, Saron, Holly ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-3409 , Mansson, Marie Edwinson, Cox, Ann ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8399-8050 , Ford, Karen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-721X , Campbell, Steven, Blamires, Julie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-1769 , Dickinson, Annette ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-4872 , Neufeld, Michael, Peck, Blake ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-9780 , de Avila, Marla ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-4427 , Feeg, Veronica ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-9814 , Mediani, Henny Suzana ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6960-3692 , Atout, Maha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-9100 , Majamanda, Maureen D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-3158 , North, Natasha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-8919 , Chambers, Christine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-916X and Robichaud, Fanny (2023) Developing rights-based standards for children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions: using a collaborative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder approach to build consensus. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182 (10). pp. 4707-4721.

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Abstract

Abstract: Children continue to experience harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care. The international ISupport collaboration aimed to develop standards to outline and explain good procedural practice and the rights of children within the context of a clinical procedure. The rights-based standards for children undergoing tests, treatments, investigations, examinations and interventions were developed using an iterative, multi-phased, multi-method and multi-stakeholder consensus building approach. This consensus approach used a range of online and face to face methods across three phases to ensure ongoing engagement with multiple stakeholders. The views and perspectives of 203 children and young people, 78 parents and 418 multi-disciplinary professionals gathered over a two year period (2020–2022) informed the development of international rights-based standards for the care of children having tests, treatments, examinations and interventions. The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds.

Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind which outlines international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives. The standards offer health professionals and educators clear evidence-based tools to support discussions and practice changes to challenge prevailing assumptions about holding or restraining children and instead encourage a focus on the interests and rights of the child.

What is Known:
• Children continue to experience short and long-term harm when undergoing clinical procedures despite increased evidence of the need to improve the provision of child-centred care.
• Professionals report uncertainty and tensions in applying evidence-based practice to children’s procedural care.

What is New:
• This is the first study of its kind which has developed international rights-based procedural care standards from multi-stakeholder perspectives.
• The standards are the first to reach international multi-stakeholder consensus on definitions of supportive and restraining holds.

Item Type:	Article
Journal / Publication Title:	European Journal of Pediatrics
Publisher:	Springer
ISSN:	1432-1076
Departments:	Institute of Health > Medical Sciences
Additional Information:	Lisa Booth, Senior Lecturer in Radiography and Medical Imaging Sciences, University of Cumbria, UK. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Depositing User:	Insight Administrator
SWORD Depositor:	Insight Administrator
Date Deposited:	14 Sep 2023 11:40
Last Modified:	13 Jan 2024 15:32
URI:	https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/7270

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