Quantification of 3-dimensional structure and properties of flocculated natural suspended sediment

Spencer, Kate, Wheatland, Jonathan, Carr, Simon ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3551 , Manning, Andrew, Bushby, Andy, Gu, Chuan, Botto, Lorenzo and Lawrence, Tom (2022) Quantification of 3-dimensional structure and properties of flocculated natural suspended sediment. Water Research, 222 . p. 118835.

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Abstract

Natural sediment flocs are fragile and highly heterogeneous aggregates of biogenic and minerogenic material typically with high porosity and low density. In aquatic environments dominated by fine, cohesive or mixed sediments they can dominate suspended sediment flux. Consequently, monitoring and modelling the behaviour, transport and distribution of flocs is very important for many aquatic industries, maintenance of waterways and conservation and management of aquatic waterbodies. Mathematical models that predict the behaviour of flocs rely on the accurate assessments of the size, shape, density, porosity and fractal dimension of flocs. These inherently 3-dimensional (3D) characteristics are typically derived from 2-dimensional (2D) data, largely due to the challenges associated with sampling, capturing, imaging and quantifying these fragile aggregates. We have developed new volumetric microscopy techniques which can quantify 3D internal and external structures and characteristics of sediment flocs. Here, these techniques were applied to quantify the 3D size (volume), shape and fractal dimension of natural and artificial sediment flocs and compare them to standard 2D approaches. Our study demonstrates that 2D approaches are under-estimating shape complexity and over-estimating the size and mass settling flux of flocs by up to two orders of magnitude, and the discrepancy between 2D and 3D is most marked for natural, organic rich macroflocs. Our study has significant implications for estimations of sediment flux at local to global scales within in aquatic environments. These new data and approaches offer the potential to improve the current parameterisation of sediment transport models and to improve the accuracy of current field-monitoring techniques.

Item Type:	Article
Journal / Publication Title:	Water Research
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0043-1354
Departments:	Institute of Science and Environment > STEM
Additional Information:	This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Depositing User:	Insight Administrator
SWORD Depositor:	Insight Administrator
Date Deposited:	15 Aug 2022 10:27
Last Modified:	13 Jan 2024 13:32
URI:	https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/6549

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